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Iran --- Macedonia --- Middle East --- Macédoine --- Moyen-Orient --- History --- Histoire --- Macédoine --- Alexandre --- Perse --- Satrapie --- Antiquite
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Iram --- Iran --- República Islâmica do Irã --- Irã --- Persia --- Northern Tier --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- I-lang --- Paras-Iran --- Paras --- Persia-Iran --- I.R.A. --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai︠a︡ Respublika Iran --- I.R.I. --- IRI --- ايران --- جمهورى اسلامى ايران --- Êran --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Historical geography. --- Administrative and political divisions --- History. --- History
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Acculturation --- Middle East --- Turkey --- History --- Civilization. --- Antiquities. --- Culture contact --- Development education --- Civilization --- Culture --- Ethnology --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Cultural fusion --- Arab countries --- To 622 --- Antiquities --- Culture contact (Acculturation)
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Herodotus. --- Greece --- Middle East --- Asia, South West --- Asia, Southwest --- Asia, West --- Asia, Western --- East (Middle East) --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Fertile Crescent --- Levant --- Mediterranean Region, Eastern --- Mideast --- Near East --- Northern Tier (Middle East) --- South West Asia --- Southwest Asia --- West Asia --- Western Asia --- Orient --- Griechenland --- Grèce --- Hellas --- Yaṿan --- Vasileion tēs Hellados --- Hellēnikē Dēmokratia --- République hellénique --- Royaume de Grèce --- Kingdom of Greece --- Hellenic Republic --- Ancient Greece --- Ελλάδα --- Ellada --- Ελλάς --- Ellas --- Ελληνική Δημοκρατία --- Ellēnikē Dēmokratia --- Elliniki Dimokratia --- Grecia --- Grčija --- Hellada --- اليونان --- يونان --- al-Yūnān --- Yūnān --- 希腊 --- Xila --- Греция --- Gret︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Historiography --- Orientbild --- Fremdbild --- Perser --- Skythen --- Herodotus --- (Produktform)Electronic book text --- Achaimeniden --- Alte Geschichte --- Alter Orient --- Altertumswissenschaften --- Antike --- Griechische Geschichte --- Herodot --- Historien --- Perserreich --- Xerxes --- (VLB-WN)9553 --- Fremdenbild --- Heterostereotyp --- Fremdenbeurteilung --- Fremd-Image --- Fremdwahrnehmung --- Stereotyp --- Bild --- Selbstbild --- Ethnozentrismus --- Interpersonale Wahrnehmung --- Kulturrelativismus --- Fremdheit --- Motiv --- Ebers, Georg --- v04 --- -(Produktform)Electronic book text
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Diplomatic gifts --- Tariff --- Taxation --- Duties --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- Revenue --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- Commercial policy --- Indirect taxation --- Customs administration --- Favored nation clause --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Diplomacy --- Diplomatic and consular service --- Gifts --- History
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This book examines modes of economic contribution in the ancient world through taxes, tribute, or so-called gifts. Specialists in the field of the ancient Near East, Egypt, classical Greece, Rome, and Israel, joined by an economic anthropologist, present a fresh evaluation of the textual and archaeological evidence. A prime question explored is the extent to which these disparate sources complement or contradict each other. State-imposed transactions were often recorded with an ideological bias, much dependent on whether the donors and recipients were viewed as in- or outsiders. The present interdisciplinary approach supplies the basis for the ancient economic terminology of contribution, taking into account the specific cultural context, the language of ‘international’ policy, and the correlation between modern and ancient termini.
Belastingen. --- Ruil. --- Schenkingen. --- Diplomatic gifts --- Tariff --- Taxation --- Diplomacy --- Diplomatic and consular service --- Gifts --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- Commercial policy --- Indirect taxation --- Revenue --- Customs administration --- Favored nation clause --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- Fee system (Taxation) --- Tax policy --- Tax reform --- Taxation, Incidence of --- Taxes --- Finance, Public --- History --- Midden-Oosten. --- Romeinse rijk.
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Die wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten des Indogermanisten und Iranisten Rüdiger Schmitt sind nicht allein für die Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft wegweisend, sondern auch für die historische und orientalistische Forschung. Seine Veröffentlichungen bezeugen eindrucksvoll die große Breite seiner Interessen, aber auch sein Anliegen, Forschungsfelder neu zu erschließen. Die Autorinnen und Autoren ehren Schmitt in dieser Festschrift mit Beiträgen zur Geschichte und der Kultur des iranischen Raumes und angrenzender Gebiete: der chronologische Rahmen spannt einen Bogen von der altorientalischen Zeit bis ins frühe Mittelalter. Ein inhaltlicher Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Geschichte des Achaimenidenreiches (550–330 v. Chr.), den Herrscher- und Herrschaftsvorstellungen der Perserkönige, der iranischen Religionsgeschichte und den politischen und kulturellen Kontakten zwischen den Iranern und ihren Nachbarn, vornehmlich den Griechen und Römern.
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Civilization.
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Achaemenid dynasty,
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To 640
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Iran
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Iran.
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History
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Civilization
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Iranistik
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Indogermanistik
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Schmitt, Rüdiger
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Mayrhofer, Manfred
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Geschichte
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Wien
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(Produktform)Electronic book text
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Achaimeniden
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Baktrien
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Husraw
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Kyros
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Meder
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Perser
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Tabula Peutingeriana
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Urartu
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Xerxes
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Zoroastrier
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(VLB-WN)9553
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Indogermanisch
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Indogermanische Philologie
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Indogermanische Sprachwissenschaft
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Philologie
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Indogermanische Sprachen
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Iranische Sprachen
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Iranist
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Sprachwissenschaft
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Majrhofer, Manfred
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Indogermanist
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Linguist
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Prof. Dr. phil.
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Linz
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Würzburg
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Saarbrücken
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Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
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Universität des Saarlandes
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Universität Wien
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Leibniz-Institut für Länderkunde
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26.09.1926-31.10.2011
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1926-2011
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Schmitt, Rüdiger Hans
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Philologe
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1939
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-01.06.1939
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-Geschichte
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Wienn
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Viedeň
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Vinna
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Wiedeń
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Vena
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Wienna
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Vin
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Biennē
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Viennē
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Wīn
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Bécs
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Vídeň
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Vjenë
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Dunaj
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Wenia
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Bundesland Wien
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Land Wien
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Stadt Wien
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Bundeshauptstadt Wien
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Bundesunmittelbare Stadt Wien
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Kaiserlich-Königliche Reichshaupt- und Residenzstadt Wien
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K.K. Reichshaupt- und Residenzstadt Wien
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Reichshaupt- und Residenzstadt Wien
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Reichsgau Wien
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Vienna
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Vienne
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Beč
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Viena
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Vindobona
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Vienna Pannoniae
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Gemeinde Wien
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Vienna Fluviorum
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Jomhōri-e Islamī-e Iran
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Kišwar-i Šāhanšāhī-i Īrān
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Īrān
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Islamische Republik Iran
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Islamic Republic of Iran
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République islamique d'Iran
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Imperial Government of Iran
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Religion plays a central role in nearly every aspect in people's life of most pre-modern cultures. Especially the interconnection between religion and politics is a common fact but the details of this relation and interacting processes behind this are not substantially studied. Therefore, this volume does not aim to confirm the linkage of religion and politics in general but to investigate its functionalities in political processes. A focus is placed on the political role of religious personnel beyond their religious and cultic tasks and their influence in pre-modern societies from a cross-cultural perspective. Specialists from various disciplines present their research based on case studies. Thereby this interdisciplinary volume covers a wide geographical and chronological range from ancient Egypt in the Bronze Age until medieval England. These papers are organised according to core functions questioning the instrumentalisation of religious personnel.
HISTORY / Medieval. --- Brahmans. --- oracles. --- priests. --- ruler legitimacy.
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